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Richard Overy
Richard James Overy (born 23 December 1947) is a British historian who has published extensively on the history of World War II and the Third Reich. In 2007 as ''The Times'' editor of ''Complete History of the World'' he chose the 50 key dates of world history.
==Life and career==
After being educated at Caius College, Cambridge and awarded a research fellowship at Churchill College, Overy taught history at Cambridge from 1972 to 1979, as a fellow of Queens' College and from 1976 as a university assistant lecturer. In 1980 he moved to King's College London, where he became professor of modern history in 1994. He was appointed to a professorship in Exeter University in 2004.
In the late 1980s, Overy was involved in a historical dispute with Timothy Mason that mostly played out over the pages of the ''Past and Present'' journal over the reasons for the outbreak of World War II in 1939. Mason had contended that a "flight into war" had been imposed on Adolf Hitler by a structural economic crisis, which confronted Hitler with the choice of making difficult economic decisions or aggression. Overy argued against Mason's thesis, maintaining that though Germany was faced with economic problems in 1939, the extent of these problems cannot explain aggression against Poland, and that the reasons for the outbreak of war were due to the choices made by the Nazi leadership. For Overy, the problem with Mason's thesis was that it rested on the assumption that in a way not shown by records, information was passed on to Hitler about the ''Reichs economic problems.〔Mason, Tim & Overy, R.J. "Debate: Germany, `domestic crisis’ and the war in 1939” from ''The Origins of The Second World War'' edited by Patrick Finney, Edward Arnold: London, United Kingdom, 1997 p102〕 Overy argued that there was a difference between economic pressures induced by the problems of the Four Year Plan and economic motives to seize raw materials, industry and foreign reserves of neighbouring states as a way of accelerating the Four Year Plan.〔Overy, Richard "Germany, 'Domestic Crisis' and War in 1939" from ''The Third Reich'' edited by Christian Leitz Blackwell: Oxford, 1999 p117-118〕 Overy asserted that the repressive capacity of the German state as a way of dealing with domestic unhappiness was somewhat downplayed by Mason.〔 Finally, Overy argued that there is considerable evidence that the German state felt they could master the economic problems of rearmament; as one civil servant put it in January 1940 "we have already mastered so many difficulties in the past, that here too, if one or other raw material became extremely scarce, ways and means will always yet be found to get out of a fix".〔Overy, Richard “Germany, ‘Domestic Crisis’ and War in 1939” from ''The Third Reich'' edited by Christian Leitz Blackwell: Oxford, 1999 page 108〕 Recently, another British historian, Adam Tooze, has argued for a similar position as Mason's in his book ''The Wages of Destruction''.
His work on World War II has been praised as "highly effective (in) the ruthless dispelling of myths" (A. J. P. Taylor), "original and important" (''New York Review of Books'') and "at the cutting edge" (''Times Literary Supplement''.)
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